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Top 10 most used Cat commands with examples (create, view, append files)

cat (short for “concatenate)
Create,view,concatenate,
cat [OPTION] [FILE]…
main advantage with just command
It will create file &writes data. unlike
nano &vim editors.

#1 viewing content of file with cat command

cat /etc/passwd
To view content of multiple files
cat file1.txt file2.txt

#2  creating a file with cat command

a. cat >test2
b. Type text.
c. Then press ctrl+d to exit
example
Create a new file with the stub_status configuration.
step 1
cat > conf.d/stub_status.conf
step 2 past the text
server {
listen 127.0.0.1:80;
server_name 127.0.0.1;
location /nginx_status {
stub_status on;
allow 127.0.0.1;
deny all;
}
}
step 3 exit
«Ctrl-D»
Step 4 verify the text & file
ls -la conf.d/stub_status.conf && cat conf.d/stub_status.conf

#3 cat command reading file with line numbers & sorting

sorting
cat file1.txt | more
cat file2.txt | less

Display along with numbers of line

cat -n filename

Display $ at the End of every line with -e option

cat -e test

Multiple Files at Once (semi colons required)

cat file; cat file1; cat file2

#4 Overwriting existing file with cat command

cat file > file1
existing contents of file1 will be overwritten by contents of file file.

Appending(Standard Output with Redirection Operator)

cat file >> file1
contents of file file will be appended at the end of file1 file.

#5 appending at end of existing file with command ft ssh authorizedkeys

1st step we created public & private keys.
private key on local machine.
public key should be added to
./ssh/authorized_keys
we may copy & edit nano command save it.
nano ./ssh/authorized_keys
sometimes we generate in remote machine
cat  publickey.pub >> ./ssh/authorized_keys

Redirecting Standard Input with Redirection Operator

cat < file2
Displays the file2 information on the terminal

 #6creating single file from multiple files

cat file file1 file2 > file3
all data in 3 files will be create  new file 3

#7 Sorting Contents of Multiple Files in a Single File

cat file file1 file2 file3 | sort > file4,
all the contents piped and sort and results will be an new file

#8 creating file & writing data cat eof to file

cat >/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/newserver.conf<<EOF
server {
listen 80;
root /var/www/html/;
server_name _;
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/global.config;
}
EOF

it will creates a file newserver.conf in the prescribed path.

2nd

it adds content to file with eof command in linux shell script.

EOF (end-of-file)

 

 

 

touch command only to create a file

touch newfile.txt
later you have to use vim or nano to edit.

Nano file editor

sudo nano newfile.conf
#configuration
#press ctrl+x and then y save changes.

Vim editor

sudo apt-get install vim
vim file.txt
Press i insert or edit,
press Esc and then :wq to save and exit.
e opens file
:W save
:q exit
:Wq  to save changes and exit
:q! Exit without changes
0 to mive cursor to the first line

writting to files with echo command

to create a file

echo > phpinfo.php

or

echo > /var/www/html/phpinfo.php

write/print the words to document

echo “phpinfo();” > phpinfo.php

 

 

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