ulimit command unlimited in linux, set files, process limit for users, services, processes etc
ulimit command options
ulimit -n –> It will display number of open files limit or open file descriptors
ulimit -c –> It display the size of core file
ulimit -u –> It will display the maximum user process limit for the logged in user.
ulimit -f –> It will display the maximum file size that the user can have.
umilit -m –> It will display the maximum memory size for logged in user.
ulimit -v –> It will display the maximum memory size limit
nproc
nofile
root@Ubuntu ~}$ ulimit -Hn
1048576
root@Ubuntu ~}$ ulimit -Sn
1024
effect immediately without logout and reboot.
sysctl -p
security/limit.conf user level
Increasing open file limits with ulimit command
$ ulimit -Hn
$ ulimit -Sn
$ ulimit -Sn
before
~]$ ulimit -n -H
4096
~]$ ulimit -n -S
1024
change ulimit settings to increase file descriptor limit with ulimit unlimited
ulimit -n <value>
after change
root@instance-1:~#ulimit -Sn
100000
root@instance-1:~# ulimit -Hn
100000
100000
root@instance-1:~# ulimit -Hn
100000
change
ulimit settingsulimit command to know Max user Process
~]# su – oracle
~]$ ulimit -H -u
8096
~]$ ulimit -u -S
ulimit -u -H
root@instance-1:~# ulimit -H -u
31814
root@instance-1:~# ulimit -S -u
31814
31814
root@instance-1:~# ulimit -S -u
31814
changing max user process for current user with ulimit unlimited
ulimit -u 100000
root@instance-1:~# ulimit -u
31814
root@instance-1:~# ulimit -u 40000
root@instance-1:~# ulimit -u
40000
31814
root@instance-1:~# ulimit -u 40000
root@instance-1:~# ulimit -u
40000
root@instance-1:~# ulimit -H -u
40000
root@instance-1:~# ulimit -S -u
40000
40000
root@instance-1:~# ulimit -S -u
40000
Restart needed to effect changes & also for applications too.
ulimit open files unlimited means or ulimit unlimited
root@-s-4vcpu-8gb-blr1-01:~# ulimit
unlimited
unlimited
unlimited means no limit
ulimit -n –> It will display number of open files limit or open file descriptors
memory, cpu, etc are unlimited for that users
root@-s-4vcpu-8gb-blr1-01:~# ulimit -aH
core file size (blocks, -c) unlimited
data seg size (kbytes, -d) unlimited
scheduling priority (-e) 0
file size (blocks, -f) unlimited
pending signals (-i) 31802
max locked memory (kbytes, -l) 65536
max memory size (kbytes, -m) unlimited
open files (-n) 100000
pipe size (512 bytes, -p) 8
POSIX message queues (bytes, -q) 819200
real-time priority (-r) 0
stack size (kbytes, -s) unlimited
cpu time (seconds, -t) unlimited
max user processes (-u) 31802
virtual memory (kbytes, -v) unlimited
file locks (-x) unlimited
core file size (blocks, -c) unlimited
data seg size (kbytes, -d) unlimited
scheduling priority (-e) 0
file size (blocks, -f) unlimited
pending signals (-i) 31802
max locked memory (kbytes, -l) 65536
max memory size (kbytes, -m) unlimited
open files (-n) 100000
pipe size (512 bytes, -p) 8
POSIX message queues (bytes, -q) 819200
real-time priority (-r) 0
stack size (kbytes, -s) unlimited
cpu time (seconds, -t) unlimited
max user processes (-u) 31802
virtual memory (kbytes, -v) unlimited
file locks (-x) unlimited
Aim:
- to Set max open file limits for user or Process.
- to set maximum process for user / process ex: nginx
1 connection & 1 process= 1-2 open files double the number.
‘listen.backlog‘, which defaults to -1 (unlimited). However, this value is also limited by the system (sysctl) value ‘net.core.somaxconn’, which defaults to 128 on many Linux systems.
sysctl -a |grep net.core.somaxconn
root@instance-1:~# sysctl -a |grep net.core.somaxconn
net.core.somaxconn = 65536
nr_open
This denotes the maximum number of file-handles a process can allocate. Default value is 1024*1024 (1048576) which should be enough for most machines. Actual limit depends on RLIMIT_NOFILE resource limit.
inode-max denotes the maximum number of inode handlers. This value should be 3-4 times larger than the value in file-max, since stdin, stdout and network sockets also need an inode struct to handle them. When you regularly run out of inodes, you need to increase this value.
max user processes linux limits.conf
how to check the ulimit value for a user in linux with command
umilit -u
ulimit value for max user processes
root@instance-1:~# su – www-data -c “ulimit -Sa”
This account is currently not available.
This account is currently not available.
Hard limits &. Soft limits
soft limit can be increased upto hard limit .
Finding ‘ulimit -a’ for process user nginx mysql php
ps aux | grep nginx
find ulimit of a process
cat /proc/PID/limits
root 8868 0.0 0.0 127044 24048 ? Ss May23 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -g daemon on; master_process on;
cat /proc/8868/limits
max open files 1024
Linux accept more concurrent connections
net.core.somaxconn default 128 to 65536 or
65535
Also see sysctl.conf
If you change the ulimit settings, you must restart your system for the changes to take effect.
to know ulimit hard limits in linux command terminal
root@instance-1:~# ulimit -aH
core file size (blocks, -c) unlimited
data seg size (kbytes, -d) unlimited
scheduling priority (-e) 0
file size (blocks, -f) unlimited
pending signals (-i) 31814
max locked memory (kbytes, -l) 65536
max memory size (kbytes, -m) unlimited
open files (-n) 100000
pipe size (512 bytes, -p) 8
POSIX message queues (bytes, -q) 819200
real-time priority (-r) 0
stack size (kbytes, -s) unlimited
cpu time (seconds, -t) unlimited
max user processes (-u) 31814
virtual memory (kbytes, -v) unlimited
file locks (-x) unlimited
core file size (blocks, -c) unlimited
data seg size (kbytes, -d) unlimited
scheduling priority (-e) 0
file size (blocks, -f) unlimited
pending signals (-i) 31814
max locked memory (kbytes, -l) 65536
max memory size (kbytes, -m) unlimited
open files (-n) 100000
pipe size (512 bytes, -p) 8
POSIX message queues (bytes, -q) 819200
real-time priority (-r) 0
stack size (kbytes, -s) unlimited
cpu time (seconds, -t) unlimited
max user processes (-u) 31814
virtual memory (kbytes, -v) unlimited
file locks (-x) unlimited
to know ulimit soft limits
type below command ulimit -aS
root@instance-1:~# ulimit -aS
core file size (blocks, -c) 0
data seg size (kbytes, -d) unlimited
scheduling priority (-e) 0
file size (blocks, -f) unlimited
pending signals (-i) 31814
max locked memory (kbytes, -l) 65536
max memory size (kbytes, -m) unlimited
open files (-n) 100000
pipe size (512 bytes, -p) 8
POSIX message queues (bytes, -q) 819200
real-time priority (-r) 0
stack size (kbytes, -s) 8192
cpu time (seconds, -t) unlimited
max user processes (-u) 31814
virtual memory (kbytes, -v) unlimited
file locks (-x) unlimited
core file size (blocks, -c) 0
data seg size (kbytes, -d) unlimited
scheduling priority (-e) 0
file size (blocks, -f) unlimited
pending signals (-i) 31814
max locked memory (kbytes, -l) 65536
max memory size (kbytes, -m) unlimited
open files (-n) 100000
pipe size (512 bytes, -p) 8
POSIX message queues (bytes, -q) 819200
real-time priority (-r) 0
stack size (kbytes, -s) 8192
cpu time (seconds, -t) unlimited
max user processes (-u) 31814
virtual memory (kbytes, -v) unlimited
file locks (-x) unlimited
Recommended ulimit Settings for high performance
Every deployment may have unique requirements and settings; however, the following thresholds and settings are particularly important for mongod and mongos deployments:
-f(file size):unlimited-t(cpu time):unlimited-v(virtual memory):unlimited-l(locked-in-memory size):unlimited-n(open files):64000-m(memory size):unlimited-u(processes/threads):64000
Faqs on ulimit unlimited command
what is ulimit in linux?
ulimit acronym for user limits generally used to set open files limits for process & process limit for users.
how to check ulimit for a user in linux?
first you can login as a user, then type ulimit -aH or ulimit -aS to list all limits.
how to set ulimit in linux?
to view:
ulimit -n
to set ulimit -n 10111
root@-s-4vcpu-8gb-blr1-01:~# ulimit -n
100000
root@-s-4vcpu-8gb-blr1-01:~# ulimit -n 10111
root@-s-4vcpu-8gb-blr1-01:~# ulimit -n
10111
how to set ulimit in linux permanently
you can use ulimit command and save changes permanently by adding UsePAM=yes in etc/ssh/sshd_config, or add /etc/security/limits.conf and restart
ulimit open files cannot modify limit operation not permitted
root@-s-4vcpu-8gb-blr1-01:~# ulimit -n 1048576
root@-s-4vcpu-8gb-blr1-01:~# ulimit -n 1048577
-bash: ulimit: open files: cannot modify limit: Operation not permitted
RHEL 5 has a maximum value of 1048576 (220) for this limit (NR_OPEN in /usr/include/linux/fs.h), and will not accept any larger value including infinity, even for root. limit by linux kernel.2^20 limits
limit:
ulimit -n 1048576