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increase open file limit linux File descriptor ft nginx , mysql, lemp

 

  1. System level file limit
  2. User level limit
  3. process level limit

1024 by default

Every connection   / process need to open at least 2 files,

 

Nginx active connection 524  -1024 by default for core.

1024*4 = 4080  active connections at least needed 8160 open file limit.

 

how to Check File descriptor limit per process Linux

cat /etc/security/limits.conf

* soft nofile 1024000
* hard nofile 1024000
* soft nproc 640000
* hard nproc 640000
root soft nproc 1000000
root soft nproc 100000
root soft nofile 100000
root hard nofile 100000

 

(*) means any user it could be nginx, mysql, php, redis etc

nproc = number of process  (generally 2x of nofile)

nofile = number of open file

checking open file with ulimit command

root@localhost:~# ulimit -Sn
1024
root@localhost:~# ulimit -Hn
524288

H hard limits

S soft limits

we can raise soft limits upto hard limit.

 

 

How to check systemwide open file limit

root@localhost:~# cat /proc/sys/fs/file-max
2097152

10% memory

Check maximum process limit for user

so need at least 2 open files for 1 process.

root@localhost:~# ulimit -H -u
31498
root@localhost:~# ulimit -S -u
31498

increase process limit for user linux

first login as user,

sudo su mysql

ulimit -u 50000

root@localhost:~# ulimit -S -u
50000

increase open file limits for User command line with ulimit

-n (open files): 64000
-u (processes/threads): 64000

before

root@localhost:~# ulimit -Sn
1024

ulimit -n 100000

after

root@localhost:~# ulimit -n 100000
root@localhost:~# ulimit -Sn
100000

root@localhost:~# ulimit -Hn
100000

/ until restart only

 

Shared servers inode  limit

150000

inode = number files in a hard disk or per account in shared hosting account to limit the unlimited disk space.

nginx check open file limit

cat /proc/{nginx-master-process-id}/limits

{nginx-master-process-id}

getting a nginx process ID

top -u nginx

ps aux | grep nginx

root 2950 0.0 0.1 232192 11544 ? Ss Jun01 0:00 nginx: master

 

cat /proc/2950/limits

Max open files

soft: 1024

hard 524288

Max processes 31498

Here every

Setting Open file limit nginx conf

Nginx: 24: Too Many Open Files Error And Solution

/etc/security/limits.conf
nginx soft nofile 10000
nginx hard nofile 30000
reload systcl
sysctl -p

nano /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

 

worker_rlimit_nofile 4096;

add this in nginx conf

restart or reload not kills nginx master process

other ways

edit the  /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service

centos has different approach

/etc/security/limit.conf is used by PAM, so it shoud be nothing to do with www-data (it’s nologin user).

 

Increasing root user open file limits not working

root@localhost:~# ulimit -Sn
1024

root@localhost:~# ulimit -Hn
524288

(most systems do not allow this value to be set)

root@localhost:~# more /etc/systemd/system.conf | grep NOFILE
#DefaultLimitNOFILE=1024:524288

nano /etc/systemd/system.conf

DefaultLimitNOFILE=10024:524288

edit the above file

/etc/systemd/user.conf (may be required)

nano /etc/systemd/user.conf

nothing apperaed like above. ubuntu 20.04

 

SSHD Configuration file USE PAM = YES

this allows to ssh session to use pam limit

root@localhost:~# ulimit -n
100000

but nginx still at 1024 until it restarts, started as root

 

PAM limit module pam_limits.so

limits.conf –

is configuration file for the pam_limits module

 

 

nano /etc/pam.d/common-session

A reboot will show the limits

Appending the line *

for RHEL / centos / Fedora

nano /etc/pam.d/login

session required pam_limits.so

 

 

also mo0re about /etc/security/limit.conf file

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